Idiopathic Scoliosis in Families of Children With Congenital Scoliosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although most cases of congenital scoliosis are thought to be of sporadic etiology, it is not known whether other types of spinal deformity occur in families of individuals with this type of scoliosis. Children with congenital scoliosis were identified through a review of health records and radiographic report databases. Of 237 children with congenital scoliosis investigated, 49 (20.7%) reported a family history of spinal deformity. Detailed pedigrees were done, which showed a history of idiopathic scoliosis in 17.3% of the 237 families. This is a higher than expected rate of spinal deformity in families of children with congenital scoliosis, and the strong association of idiopathic scoliosis in families of children with congenital scoliosis has not been reported previously. Although this finding could be related to the chance occurrence of multiple genetic abnormalities or sporadic events in these families, it does raise the possibility that one genetic defect at least predisposes these families to having different types of spinal deformity develop.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".