Cadmium administration affects circulatory mononuclear cells in rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although numerous investigations have demonstrated a direct effect of cadmium (Cd) on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) activity in humans, there is virtually no data concerning the in vivo impact of this metal on circulatory mononuclear cells. In this study, the effects of a sub-lethal Cd (1 mg/kg) dose were examined in rats 48 h following a single intraperitoneal injection. Cd treatment resulted in increased total peripheral blood leukocyte levels; however, decreases in PBMC numbers were seen. These changes coincided with an accumulation of mononuclear cells in the lungs and an increase in mononuclear cells expressing CD11b. A lack of effect of Cd on spontaneous nitric oxide (NO) production and on iNOS mRNA levels in the PBMC was also noted. Differential effects of Cd on PBMC inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ, and IL-17) gene expression and production were also seen. Specifically, except for IL-1β (levels increased), there were decreases (relative to controls) in mRNA levels for all the other cytokines examined. While there were no Cd treatment-related changes in spontaneous production of the cytokines assessed, there seemed to be a trend (p = 0.06) toward a decrease in spontaneous IL-6 release. When these harvested cells were stimulated ex vivo, there was no effect from Cd exposure on LPS-stimulated IL-1β and TNFα or on ConA-stimulated IFNγ or IL-17 production, but a decrease in IL-6 production in response to LPS was, again, noted. A preliminary study with a lower Cd dose (0.5 mg/kg) revealed some of the same outcomes noted here (mononuclear cell infiltration into lungs, increases in PBMC IL-1β mRNA levels), but differential (increased IL-17 mRNA levels) or newly detected outcomes (increased levels of IL-1α mRNA) as well. The described effects of the single in vivo exposure to Cd on PBMC might contribute to a better overall understanding of the immunomodulatory potential of this environmental contaminant.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".