Effects of Δ5 polyunsaturated fatty acids of maritime pine (<i>Pinus pinaster</i>) seed oil on the fatty acid profile of the developing brain of rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Conifer (pine) seeds are a potential source of dietary oils, but their safety and nutritional properties are not well established. Conifer seed oils differ from common edible vegetable oils in having a series of unusual polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a polymethylene-interrupted (PMI) double bond system and a double bond at the delta5 position. A rat study was conducted to assess whether delta5 PMI-PUFA of conifer seeds could alter the levels of n-6 and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in mothers' milk and the developing brain of fetuses and pups. Feeding maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) seed oil (MPO) diet with a delta5 PMI-PUFA content of 1.4 g/100 g throughout pregnancy and lactation resulted in a large incorporation of delta5 PMI-PUFA in mothers' milk (5.1 +/- 0.5% of total fatty acids). The fetus (17 d old) and pup (22 d) brains, however, accumulated very little (0.6 and 0.4% of total fatty acids, respectively) delta5 PMI-PUFA. Mother's milk and pup's brain of the MPO group contained normal levels of 20:4n-6, 22:4n-6, and 20:5n-3 compared to a reference group of rats fed a fat blend of sunflower, high-oleic sunflower, and canola oils. The level of 22:6n-3, however, was slightly but significantly (P < 0.05) higher in milk and pup brain of the MPO group. These results show that delta5 PMI-PUFA of MPO exert no negative effect on the levels of n-6 and n-3 LC-PUFA in rat brain during its early development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".