Quasistatic dielectric and strain characterization of transparent relaxor ferroelectric lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The relative permittivity and dielectric loss tangent of transparent lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) (9.5/65/35) and (9.0/65/35) ceramics were measured as a function of temperature, ranging from −60 to 100 °C, and as a function of frequency, ranging from 0.12 to 5000 kHz. Diffuse maxima were observed in the complex permittivity plots of both PLZT compositions. These maxima correspond to phase transitions from ferroelectric to paraelectric and finally to cubic in the PLZT crystal structure. Second, a Sawyer–Tower circuit was used to determine the electric displacement of each ceramic composition as a function of a dc bias field, ranging from −1.7 to 1.7 MV/m. Third, a Polytech vibrometer was used to measure the longitudinal ac strain response of (9.5/65/35) and (9.0/65/35) PLZT ceramics under various dc bias and ac electric fields with a 120 Hz driving frequency. A maximum piezoelectric strain of 0.8×10−3 m/m occurred for a 0.64 mm thick (9.5/65/35) PLZT at 1.1 MV/m dc and 1.09 MV/m ac peak to peak, and 1.3×10−3 m/m for a 0.54 mm thick (9.0/65/35) PLZT at 1.4 MV/m dc and 0.68 MV/m ac peak-to-peak. Fourier analysis was performed on the raw vibrometer data and the strain response at the second, third, and fourth harmonics were obtained as a function of dc and ac fields. Finally, the measured data were fitted to a theoretical model and the material coefficients for these PLZT compositions were obtained.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".