Formation of simple and compound drops in microfluidic devices
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work is motivated by the recent experimental development of microfluidic flow-focusing devices that produce highly monodisperse simple or compound drops. Using finite elements with adaptive meshing in a diffuse-interface framework, we simulate the breakup of simple and compound jets in coflowing conditions, and explore the flow regimes that prevail in different parameter ranges. Moreover, we investigate the effects of viscoelasticity on interface rupture and drop pinch-off. The formation of simple drops exhibits a dripping regime at relatively low flow rates and a jetting regime at higher flow rates. In both regimes, drops form because of the combined effects of capillary instability and viscous drag. The drop size increases with the flow rate of the inner fluid and decreases with that of the outer fluid. Viscoelasticity in the drop phase increases the drop size in the dripping regime but decreases it in the jetting regime. The formation of compound drops is a delicate process that takes place in a narrow window of flow and rheological parameters. Encapsulation of the inner drop depends critically on coordination of capillary waves on the inner and outer interfaces.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it