Unsupervised 3D Prostate Segmentation Based on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging MRI Using Active Contour Models with a Shape Prior
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accurate estimation of the prostate location and volume fromin vivoimages plays a crucial role in various clinical applications. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is proposed as a promising modality to detect and monitor prostate-related diseases. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised algorithm to segment prostate with 3D apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) MRI without the need of a training dataset, whereas previous methods for this purpose require training datasets. We first apply a coarse segmentation to extract the shape information. Then, the shape prior is incorporated into the active contour model. Finally, morphological operations are applied to refine the segmentation results. We apply our method to an MR dataset obtained from three patients and provide segmentation results obtained by our method and an expert. Our experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is quite successful.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".