Concentrations of Perfluorooctanesulfonamides in Canadian Total Diet Study Composite Food Samples Collected between 1992 and 2004
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canadian Total Diet Study composite samples collected from 1992 to 2004 (n = 151) were analyzed for a series of perfluorooctanesulfonamides that are likely breakdown products or manufacturing residuals associated with perfluorooctylsulfonyl phosphate esters. These esters have been incorporated into coatings for paper and paperboard used in food packaging. N-Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide (N-EtPFOSA), perfluorooctanesulfonamide, N,N-diethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide, N-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamide, and N,N-dimethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide were extracted using solvent extraction and quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Perfluorooctanesulfonamides were detected in the picograms per gram to low nanograms per gram of wet weight range in all food groups tested-baked goods and candy, dairy, eggs, fast food, fish, meat, and foods to be prepared in packaging. The highest concentrations of total perfluorooctanesulfonamides were observed in fast food composites (from less than the method detection limit to 27300 pg/g of wet weight). Concentrations of N-EtPFOSA appeared to decrease over the sampling period (1992-2004) in French fries and other fast food composites; no such trend was apparent in freshwater fish, marine fish, and shellfish composites. A basic estimate of dietary exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonamides suggests that Canadians (>12 years old) are exposed to approximately 73 ng/person/day from these foods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".