Characterization of Proline, Citrulline, and Uracil Auxotrophic Plasmid-Carrying Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains in Canada, 1993–2003
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Background and Objective: Proline, citrulline, and uracil (PCU−) Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a common auxotroph in Canada and resistance to antibiotics in this auxotroph is rare. Goal: The goal of this study was to determine the characteristics of the PCU− strains that have plasmids. Study Design: PCU− strains sent between 1993 and 2003 for reference work to the National Microbiology Laboratory were analyzed for their plasmid profiles and antimicrobial susceptibilities. PCU− strains containing plasmids and/or antimicrobial resistant were serotyped, and por and tbpB genes were sequenced to determine their antigenic types. Results: Forty strains containing plasmids were identified; serotype IB-11 and por/tbpB sequence type 2 was the most common pattern (28 of 40 strains [70%]). One strain had plasmids that conferred resistance to penicillin and tetracycline and 4 plasmidless strains were resistant to tetracycline. Conclusion: PCU− auxotrophic N. gonorrhoeae carrying plasmids and/or that have chromosomal genes mutated to resist antimicrobials have been identified in Canada. This shows the competency of this pathogen to survive under antimicrobial pressure and the importance of continuous surveillance. Characterization of proline, citrulline, and uracil requiring auxotrophs of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains collected during 1993–2003 showed some of these strains either contained plasmids or had chromosomal and/or plasmid-mediated resistance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".