TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS WHICH BIND TO GC-RICH REGIONS ARE IMPORTANT IN MUSCLE MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The transcription factors zif268 and Sp1 bind to GC-rich regions in the promoters of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. We treated cells with the calcium ionophore A23187 and overexpressed zif268 and Sp1 to evaluate their roles in mitochondrial biogenesis. A23187 treatment has been shown to augment cytochrome c mRNA levels by 70% in rat L6 muscle cells. A23187 induced a rapid and transient 150% increase in zif268 mRNA which peaked 1–2 hours after treatment. Serum response factor (SRF) mRNA increased by 80% (P < 0.05) with a maximum at 4 hours, and declined by 48 hours of treatment. A23187 also induced 50% and 90% increases in mRNAs encoding malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and the beta subunit of F-ATPase (BETA) by 48 hours. In contrast, A23187 treatment resulted in a 19% reduction (P < 0.05) in glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) mRNA. Overexpression of zif268 led to a 37% decline (P < 0.05) in GDH mRNA, and a 2.2-fold increase (P < 0.05) in cytochrome c mRNA, but had no effect on the mRNAs encoding MDH or BETA. The effect on cytochrome c mRNA was mediated via increased mRNA stability, rather than increased transcription. In contrast, overexpression of Sp1 also increased cytochrome c mRNA, but this appeared to be via transcriptional activation. These data are consistent with a role for zif268 in mediating the A23187 effect on cytochrome c and GDH, but not on MDH or BETA. In addition, Sp1 acts directly, whereas zif268 acts indirectly, to increase cytochrome c mRNA during forced overexpression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".