Persistence of Triticale Seed in the Soil Seed Bank
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Spring triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) is being developed as a bio‐product crop for the Canadian prairies and may involve the use of genetic modification. Seed loss before or during harvest from genetically modified (GM) triticale could impact its ability to coexist with conventional crops. Experiments were conducted in Alberta, Canada, to determine if spring triticale exhibits primary dormancy relative to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and whether seeds persist in the seed bank. Primary dormancy was assessed for four triticale cultivars, AC Alta, Blue Aleurone, Tyndal, and AC Ultima, and AC Barrie wheat by quantifying germination weekly from anthesis to postharvest. Seed persistence was assessed for the same cultivars by placing seed‐filled mesh bags on the soil surface (0 cm) and at 2 and 12 cm burial depths. Before harvest in 2009, germinations were less than 56% for all cultivars. After harvest, AC Barrie and Blue Aleurone exhibited a short period of primary dormancy. In 2010, wet conditions were conducive to preharvest sprouting. Germinations ranged from 46 to 85% preharvest with no lingering primary dormancy postharvest. Seeds buried to 12 cm germinated readily, removing them from the seed bank within 7 mo, while 99% of seeds buried to 2 cm were nonviable 11 mo after burial. Seeds on the soil surface persisted longest; however, 99% were nonviable after 26 mo. Like wheat, triticale has little or no primary dormancy, and results from this study suggest triticale seed does not persist in the seed bank.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".