Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1976, Sandoz published an important article entitled bSome physical mechanisms and effects of spinal adjustments.Q In this article, Sandoz published a figure which was meant to describe the nature of joint manipulation with respect to where, in the total arc of the motion of a joint, manipulation was proposed to take place. Sandoz’s figure is shown in Fig 1. The figure was particularly effective in identifying several phases of a joint’s total motion, starting with the active range, defined as the range capable of being voluntarily produced by a person with their own motor power. Sandoz postulated that a further movement could be produced passively, either by the person themselves or by an external agent (ie, therapist), where dpassiveT implied the imposition of externally applied force. The outer margins of the figure represent the anatomic limit of motion of a joint, beyond which injury would occur to any of the holding elements and, with severe enough force, to the bony elements themselves. Active and passive motions are clearly shown to be less than, that is, within, the anatomic limit. Sandoz postulated the presence of a bparaphysiological space,Q beyond the passive range, but less than the anatomic limit. It was bintoQ this space that he postulated that a manipulation occurred. This bspace Q was described by others as a bzone of end-play,Q the bbarrier,Q or bthe
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.021 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.013 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.009 | 0.018 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".