Physiological and metabolic responses of late pregnant women to 40 min of steady-state exercise followed by an oral glucose tolerance perturbation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined the physiological and metabolic responses of 24 active late pregnant women to 40 min of vigorous (95% ventilatory threshold) steady-state treadmill exercise followed by a metabolic perturbation [oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 75 g] after exercise. Heart rate and respiratory measures were taken throughout exercise, and blood samples were collected during exercise and every 30 min during the 2-h OGTT. Values were compared with those for a group of physically active nonpregnant women (n = 16) in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Although late pregnant women were heavier, they performed the same work rate (182 vs. 208 W, P > 0.05), with the same oxygen pulse, but responded to the exercise with a blunted heart rate and relative oxygen consumption, with less carbon dioxide expired, possibly due to pregnancy-related adaptations in heart efficiency. Resting glucose concentrations were the same between groups, but by 40 min of exercise (3.8 ± 0.1 vs. 4.6 ± 0.1 mmol/l) and into 15 min of recovery (4.3 ± 0.2 vs. 5.0 ± 0.1 mmol/l), glucose concentrations were diminished in late pregnant women (P ≤ 0.05, respectively). The pregnancy-induced delay of glucose uptake was seen in response to the postexercise OGTT compared with the nonpregnant women, but insulin sensitivity (ISI) remained (7.4 ± 0.9 vs. 9.7 ± 1.4 ISI, P > 0.05, respectively), with the preservation of the sensitivity of lipolysis inhibition of nonesterified free fatty acids to insulin. These adaptations may be fetoprotective, because our research suggests that 40 min of continuous treadmill exercise is well tolerated by physically active pregnant women. No adverse effects on birth outcome (3.53 ± 0.08 kg birth weight; 39.6 ± 0.33 wk gestational age) were observed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".