Toward the Use of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer in Doping Analysis: Selective Preconcentration and Analysis of Testosterone and Epitestosterone in Human Urine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), templated with methyltestosterone, has been synthesized for the cleanup of hydrolyzed urine samples for subsequent testosterone (T) quantification by LC-MS/MS. A concentration of 2 ng/mL testosterone could be quantified after a single step extraction on the MIP. The limit of detection and quantification with the criteria of a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 and 5 were 0.3 and 2 ng/mL, respectively. These values meet the conditions set by the World Anti-Doping Agency for the minimum required performance limits for doping controls, between 2 and 10 ng/mL. Epitestosterone (E) was also separated on this polymer and could be detected at concentrations down to 0.3 ng/mL. The quantification of T and E gives access to the determination of the T/E ratio, essential in doping analysis. Hence, our polymers can offer a more specific extraction procedure, resulting in increased sensitivity with limits of detection 10 times lower than the ones achieved by the standard SPE C(18) sorbents employed in official testing laboratories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".