Systematic errors in small deformations measured by use of shadow-moiré topography
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phase-shift shadow-moiré topography is a noncontact optical technique for measuring the shapes of surfaces. Artifactual bands resembling isoheight surface contours are observed during measurement of small changes in shape by use of this technique. The shape-reconstruction algorithm used in shadow-moiré topography is based on a mathematical model of the fringe patterns generated on the surface to be measured. We hypothesize that the observed bands reflect systematic errors caused by ignoring height-dependent terms in the mathematical model of the fringe patterns. We test the assumption by simulating the fringe patterns for a virtual test surface by using a model that contains height-dependent terms and one term that is idealized by ignoring these terms. Small systematic errors in shape are observed only when the surface is reconstructed from fringe patterns simulated with a model containing the height-dependent terms. Shape-error curves are computed as a function of the surface height by the subtraction of the reconstructed shape from the known shape. Simulated shape-error curves agree with experimental measurements in that they show an increase in error with surface height, and both the experimental and the simulated shape-error curves contain ripples. Although the errors are small in comparison with the dimensions of the surface and are negligible in shape measurements and in most deformation measurements, they may show up as noticeable bands in images of small deformations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it