A Study of the Reactivity of De-Intercalated NaNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub>with Non-Aqueous Solvent and Electrolyte by Accelerating Rate Calorimetry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
O3-type layered structure NaNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 was successfully synthesized by solid state reaction. NaNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 was tested at room temperature using two-electrode Na/NaNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 coin cells with NaClO 4 /Propylene Carbonate electrolyte. NaNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 delivered a reversible capacity of 120 mAh/g during the first charge to 3.8 V, which corresponds to the de-intercalation of about 0.5 mol Na per mole transition metal. The reactivity of de-intercalated NaNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 (∼Na 0.5 Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 ) with ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (EC:DEC) solvent and with NaPF 6 /EC:DEC electrolyte was studied using Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC). X-ray diffraction was used to study the products of the reactions of Na 0.5 Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 with solvent or electrolyte after the ARC experiments. Na 0.5 Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 shows high reactivity in both solvent and electrolyte. In solvent, Na 0.5 Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 decomposes at elevated temperature to form nickel manganese oxide and Ni metal, and the released oxygen reacts with the solvent. In NaPF 6 -based electrolyte, the reaction mechanism changes completely as new reaction products, Na 3 (Ni,Mn)F 6 and Na(Ni,Mn)F 3, are formed in a new low temperature exothermic reaction. These results imply important consequences regarding safety for those researchers selecting electrolytes and electrode materials for Na-ion batteries. In both cases, NaF was found as a product of Na 0.5 Ni 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 reacting with PVDF binder.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".