The dynamics of internal wave resonance in periodically forced narrow basins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the steady state internal wave response of a periodically forced, density‐stratified, basin characterized by both horizontal and vertical length scales and a known seiche period. The system was two‐layer stratified and was subjected to periodic forcing over a wide frequency range. The forcing amplitude and ratio of the forcing frequency ( σ f ) to horizontal mode one (H1) internal seiche frequency ( σ 1 ) governed the system response. For σ f > σ 1 , higher‐mode internal seiches were observed; for σ f < σ 1 , a nonresonant forced H1 internal seiche was observed; and for σ f → σ 1 , a resonant H1 internal seiche was observed. For this resonant regime, progressive nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) formed upon the H1 seiche. When the NLIWs amplitudes were large, Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities grew within the wave troughs, leading to significant diapycnal mixing within the basin interior. Resonant amplification was most pronounced for small forcing amplitudes because weakly forced waves have the most potential for growth prior to energy flux to NLIWs and ultimate turbulent dissipation and mixing. This observation suggests that each mode has a maximum energy density that, when exceeded, leads to a nonlinear energy cascade. The resonant wave response was modeled as a driven underdamped harmonic oscillator, where the damping coefficient was interpreted as the sum of the effects of mixing and dissipation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".