Nanopore Analysis of β-Amyloid Peptide Aggregation Transition Induced by Small Molecules
Bibliographic record
Abstract
β-Amyloid 42 (Aβ42) is the predominant form of the amyloid peptide, which is found in the plaques of the brains of Alzheimer's (AD) patients and is one of the most abundant components in amyloid aggregates. Information of the Aβ42 aggregation states is essential for developing an understanding of the pathologic process of amyloidoses. Here, we used α-hemolysin (α-HL) pores to probe the different aggregation transition of Aβ42 in the presence of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a promoter of Aβ42 aggregations, and in the presence of Congo red (CR), an inhibitor of aggregations. Analyzing the characteristic transit duration times and blockade currents showed that β-CD and CR have opposite effects on the aggregation of Aβ42. Translocation events of the monomeric Aβ42 peptide were significantly lower in amplitude currents than protofilaments, and protofilaments were captured in the α-HL nanopore with a longer duration time. CR binds to Aβ42 and its peptide fibrils by reducing the aggregated fibrils formation. In this process it is assumed CR interferes with intermolecular hydrogen bonding present in the aggregates. In contrast to CR, β-CD promotes the aggregation of Aβ42. These differences can readily be analyzed by monitoring the corresponding characteristic blockade events using a biological α-HL nanopore.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".