Validity and Reliability of the Draw A Person: Screening Procedure for Emotional Disturbance with Adolescent Students
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Draw A Person: Screening Procedure for Emotional Disturbance (DAP:SPED; Naglieri, 1991) was developed to provide a quick screening measure for the identification of children and adolescents who may have emotional disorders. The present study examined the test-retest reliability and validity of the DAP:SPED with three groups of adolescents: mainstream students, alternate education students, and students manifesting behavior problems. Significant score differences were found only between the regular and the alternate and behavior class students on the DAP:SPED scores. In contrast, significant score differences between all three groups were found on the Devereux Behavior Rating Scale and the Child Behavior Checklist. Test-retest reliability over 23-27 weeks was relatively low. Results of the present study suggest that the DAP:SPED may have limited utility in the identification of adolescents with behavior disorders.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".