Methane emissions from the rumen of sheep fed a mixed grass-clover pasture at two fertilisation rates in early and late season
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In vivo CH 4 production from four rumen-fistulated sheep fed fresh ryegrass-white clover (Lolium perenne – Trifolium repens) diets ad libitum was monitored using C 2 H 6 as a tracer gas. Treatments comprised mixed pastures at two different fertilisation rates (0 vs. 150 kg N ha –1 yr –1 ) and at two periods in the growing season (early, June–July vs. late, August–September). Higher crude protein (CP) [22.5% dry matter (DM)] in late vs. early season (13% DM) was associated with increased importance of protein fermentation, as suggested by higher rumen concentrations of iso-acids [3.7 ± 1.0 vs. 2.4 ± 0.9% total volatile fatty acids (VFA)]. However, rumen CH 4 production (25.8 ± 5.0 L kg –1 DMI) was not affected, probably because of compensatory seasonal changes in the chemical composition of the pasture, su0 as reduced water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) (13.0 ± 2.6 vs. 4.9 ± 1.4% DM) or increased neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (48.5 ± 6.1 vs. 57.4 ± 4.6% DM). Although clover saponins might have a defaunation and CH 4 inhibitory effect, considerable seasonal or fertiliser-induced changes in clover proportion did not affect rumen protozoal concentrations (8.8 ± 1.6 ×10 5 mL –1 rumen contents, early season), rumen methanogenesis or microbial growth as suggested from urinary excretion of purine derivatives (6.7 ± 1.7 mmol d –1 ). In contrast, however, a clear animal effect was found: on average, one animal produced less CH 4 than the three others (20.3 vs. 27.6 L kg –1 DMI). Key words: Ryegrass, clover, N fertilisation, season, rumen, methane Mbanzamihigo, L., Fievez, V., da Costa Gomez, C., Piattoni, F., Carlier, L. et Demeyer, D. 2002. Les émissions
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".