Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Open surgical intervention for aneurysms of the distal arch and descending thoracic aorta is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Stent grafts offer an attractive alternative treatment for these aneurysms. Methods Thirteen patients were treated from July 1997 to August 1999. Eight patients had atheromatous aneurysms; five were elective and three urgent for dysphagia, stridor and back pain. The mean age of these patients was 77 (range 64–90) years. Another five urgent cases comprised transection (two), traumatic dissection (one), acute dissection (one) and secondary aorto-oesophageal fistula (one). The mean age of these patients was 43 (range 18–77) years. The types of stent graft used were Excluder (six), AneuRx (five), Vanguard (one) and Stenford (one). Additional surgical procedures included carotid-to-carotid bypass, exposure of the common iliac artery (as the device was too short to reach the proximal descending thoracic aorta) and repair of a symptomatic infrarenal aortic aneurysm. Results One patient with acute aortic dissection 1 month after myocardial infarction died from pulmonary embolus and myocardial reinfarction (mortality rate 8 per cent). One patient who suffered a stroke with good recovery was discharged on day 21 but died from pneumonia at 8 weeks. All aneurysms were excluded on computed tomography apart from the traumatic dissection in which perfusion of the false lumen continued retrogradely. No patient suffered paraplegia or renal failure. No ward patient required admission to the intensive care unit. Conclusion Thoracic stent grafts offer a realistic alternative to open surgery, but long-term follow-up is required to assess durability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".