Comparison of a 3 dimension model versus a 2 dimension-axisymmetric finite element model of an occluded ear canal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to low cost and simplicity, earplugs are a widespread solution to prevent the problem of hearing loss in the workplace environment. In practice, earplugs often perceived are being uncomfortable and/or do not always perform as desired. The attenuation, based on a laboratory measurement, is often overestimated compared to in situ measurements. The use of a model of an occluded ear canal can help to build an individual measurement system of the attenuation and to develop an earplug with optimized attenuation. It is established that the unoccluded auditory canal can be approximated by a cylinder to predict the interior pressure field up to 6 kHz. A remaining question is whether this approximation holds true for an occluded ear. First, a simplified 2-D-axisymmetric finite element model of an ear canal coupled to a cylindrical earplug is developed. Special emphasis is on the coupling between the earplug and the lateral walls of the auditory canal. Second, a 3-D model of a real ear canal coupled to a cylindrical earplug is developed to examine the limits of the simplified model. Several assumptions about the deformation of the ear canal/earplug system are tested when comparing the sound attenuation provided by both models.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".