Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain: Bipolar Disorder and Leptin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Novel antipsychotics impart substantial weight gain. Persons with bipolar disorder are frequently treated with these and other agents known to impart substantial weight gain. We sought to describe the influence of adjunctive risperidone and olanzapine on body weight, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and serum leptin levels over a prospective observation period of 6 months. Throughout the 6-month investigation, significant increases from baseline to end point in weight were noted with both agents; with significantly greater weight gain with olanzapine (t(10) = 2.761, P = 0.023; t(9) = 4.783, P = 0.001). Leptin levels were highly correlated with increases in weight and were significantly elevated from baseline at 4 months (r = 0.658, P < 0.05). Significant increases in weight and body mass index were apparent at 3 months (P < 0.05). The temporal association between weight increase and leptin changes does not support the notion that leptin is a primary promoter of antipsychotic-induced weight gain; however, a secondary perpetuating role cannot be ruled out.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".