Effect of mesenteric vascular congestion on reflex control of renal blood flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Portal hypertension initiates a splenorenal reflex, whereby increases in splenic afferent nerve activity and renal sympathetic nerve activity cause a decrease in renal blood flow (RBF). We postulated that mesenteric vascular congestion similarly compromises renal function through an intestinal-renal reflex. The portal vein was partially occluded in anesthetized rats, either rostral or caudal to the junction with the splenic vein. Portal venous pressure increased (6.5 +/- 0.1 to 13.2 +/- 0.1 mmHg; n = 78) and mesenteric venous outflow was equally obstructed in both cases. However, only rostral occlusion increased splenic venous pressure. Rostral occlusion caused a fall in RBF (-1.2 +/- 0.2 ml/min; n = 9) that was attenuated by renal denervation (-0.5 +/- 0.1 ml/min; n = 6), splenic denervation (-0.2 +/- 0.1 ml/min; n = 11), celiac ganglionectomy (-0.3 +/- 0.1 ml/min; n = 9), and splenectomy (-0.5 +/- 0.1 ml/min; n = 6). Caudal occlusion induced a significantly smaller fall in RBF (-0.5 +/- 0.1 ml/min; n = 9), which was not influenced by renal denervation (-0.2 +/- 0.2 ml/min; n = 6), splenic denervation (-0.1 +/- 0.1 ml/min; n = 7), celiac ganglionectomy (-0.1 +/- 0.3 ml/min; n = 8), or splenectomy (-0.3 +/- 0.1 ml/min; n = 7). Renal arterial conductance fell only in intact animals subjected to rostral occlusion (-0.007 +/- 0.002 ml.min(-1).mmHg(-1)). This was accompanied by increases in splenic afferent nerve activity (15.0 +/- 3.5 to 32.6 +/- 6.2 spikes/s; n = 7) and renal efferent nerve activity (32.7 +/- 5.2 to 39.3 +/- 6.0 spikes/s; n = 10). In animals subjected to caudal occlusion, there were no such changes in renal arterial conductance or splenic afferent/renal sympathetic nerve activity. We conclude that the portal hypertension-induced fall in RBF is initiated by increased splenic, but not mesenteric, venous pressure, i.e., we did not find evidence for intestinal-renal reflex control of the kidneys.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".