Anaerobic digestion of coconut copra: methane generation potential
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pacific Island countries rely heavily on imported, expensive and unsustainable fossil fuels as their primary source for energy production. Establishing an alternative energy source from local resources would have considerable benefits; thus, the purpose of this research was to investigate the biogas generation potential of coconut copra during anaerobic digestion. Both batch and semi-continuous stirred tank reactors (SCSTRs) were investigated to optimise methane (CH4) production and increase overall conversion efficiency. The results suggest that coconut copra is amenable to anaerobic digestion with high theoretical methane yields available from the substrate’s high lipid content. However, the optimal organic loading (OL) was limited to within a narrow range of 3·6–6·0 g volatile solids (VS) (2·4–4·0 g VS/L reactor) for the batch reactors. A maximum of 0·420 L CH4/g VS was achieved at an OL of 3·6 g VS. High average methane yields of 0·708 L CH4/g VS·day were also successfully achieved for the SCSTRs, whereas increased mixing improved methane production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".