Square Wave Voltammetric Determination of Lead(II) Ions Using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified by a Thiol‐Functionalized Kaolinite
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This work reports the electroanalysis of lead(II) in aqueous medium, using a carbon paste electrode modified by a novel thiol‐functionalized clay. This later was obtained upon the grafting of 3‐chloropropyltriethoxysilane onto the interlayer surfaces of kaolinite, followed by the substitution under carefully controlled conditions of chloro by thiol groups. The raw kaolinite, its dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) intercalate used as starting material and the resulting hybrids were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and CHNS elemental analysis. These techniques demonstrated the displacement of DMSO by the organosilane molecules which were grafted on the internal hydroxyl groups located on the kaolinite surface. The final functionalized kaolinite, with approximate chemical formula Si 4 Al 4 O 10 (OH) 6 [O 2 Si(OEt)(CH 2 ) 3 SH] was evaluated as electrode modifier for lead(II) sensing. A two‐step analytical procedure based on the accumulation at open circuit–detection was applied by square wave voltammetry. Various parameters affecting both the two steps were optimized: a linear response to lead(II) was obtained in the concentration range from 3×10 −7 to 10 −5 M, with a detection limit estimated at 6×10 −8 M. The interfering effect of some ions likely to influence the stripping determination of lead(II) ions was evaluated, and the proposed method applied to a real sample.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it