Experimental Studies: Shear Induced in Single Phase Permeability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Absolute permeability plays an important role in reservoir engineering. Reservoirs like oil sands are shallow unconsolidated formations and stress dependent. During steam-assisted drainage (SAGD) the effective stress increases as results of either increasing in temperature or pore pressure. Rock properties for instance permeability will be induced by this change to influence therefore reservoir calculations. To understand the behavior of stress-strain in unconsolidated reservoir during a SAGD, a series of drained triaxial compression tests were performed to study the shear-induced changes in absolute permeability at low stress conditions. The experimental program included stress-strain tests under two different paths: isotropic unloading and increasing of mean stress was followed by permeability tests at each levels of strain and at different confining effective stresses. Results from this study showed a substantial increase of absolute permeability in the lower case of 50 kPa of effective confining stress. This gain was up to 88%. In the higher level of effective confining stress, however, there was a decrease of absolute permeability. The aim of this project was to provide an empirical correlation linking the absolute permeability to effective confining stress and volumetric stain so that the behavior of absolute permeability at different overburden depths will be understood.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".