The role of catastrophizing in the pain and depression of women with fibromyalgia syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although 2 recent studies have found associations between catastrophizing and poor medical outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), neither assessed these findings in comparison with a similar group of patients with chronic pain. Our study examined the complex relationships between depression, catastrophizing, and the multidimensional aspects of pain in women with FMS and compared these relationships with those in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Sixty-four FMS patients and 30 RA patients completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. RESULTS: Compared with subjects with RA, FMS subjects scored significantly higher on the catastrophizing subscale of the CSQ. FMS patients also earned higher scores on overall depression and on the cognitive subscale of the BDI-II. Furthermore, the relationship between catastrophizing and depression was significant in the FMS group only. Regression analyses revealed that in FMS, catastrophizing as a measure of coping predicted patients' perception of pain better than demographic variables such as age, duration of illness, and education. CONCLUSION: Cognitive factors, such as catastrophizing and depressive self-statements, have a more pronounced role in the self-reported pain of patients with FMS than in patients with RA. Clinically, this indicates that treating pain and depression in FMS by adding cognitive therapy and coping skills components to a comprehensive treatment program may improve the outcomes obtained with pharmacologic interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".