Distortion Analysis Using Volterra Series and Linearization Technique of Nano-Scale Bulk-Driven CMOS RF Amplifier
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The distortion analysis of nano-scale bulk-driven (BD) CMOS RF amplifier is presented based on Volterra series. The first three-order Volterra kernels are computed; and the closed-form expressions of the second-order and third-order harmonic distortion (HD) are derived. These expressions give good accuracy comparing with the simulation results, and can provide insight into the nonlinearity of nano-scale BD amplifier. These expressions unveil and demonstrate that the nano-scale BD MOSFET has distinct nonlinear characteristics. Also, distortion-aware design guidelines for nano-meter CMOS BD amplifier are provided. A modified second-order intermodulation (IM2) injection technique is presented to suppress the third-order intermodulation (IM3) product. This modified technique which consumes only 64 μA current employs phase adjustment of the low-frequency IM2; and up to 20 dB IM3 reduction is achieved over 1 MHz-20 MHz two-tone spacing range without gain reduction or noise penalty.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".