Sensitivity of Sympathetically Correlated Spinal Interneurons, Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity, and Arterial Pressure to Somatic and Visceral Stimuli after Chronic Spinal Injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the chronic stage of spinal cord injury in humans, both innocuous and noxious somatic and visceral stimuli can elicit severe autonomic dysreflexia characterized by potentially dangerous, sympathetically mediated, increases in arterial pressure. We hypothesized that a similar sympathetic hyperexcitability would be manifested in spinal sympathetic networks of chronically spinally transected rats. To test this hypothesis, we compared the responses of sympathetically correlated spinal interneurons and arterial pressure to both innocuous and noxious stimuli in acutely and chronically spinally transected rats. Experiments were conducted in anesthetized female rats, either within hours of T(3) spinal transection (rats with acute spinal transection) or one month after T(3) spinal transection (rats with chronic spinal transection). Sympathetically correlated spinal interneurons were identified by cross correlating their ongoing activity with simultaneously recorded renal sympathetic nerve activity. Cutaneous stimuli (either light brushing or noxious pinch) were delivered to a wide area of the ipsilateral side of the rat. Colorectal distension was used as a noxious visceral stimulus. The activity of sympathetically correlated interneurons was increased by stimulation of more of the body surface and decreased by stimulation of less of the body surface in rats with chronic spinal transection than in rats with acute spinal transection. Colorectal distension elicited greater increases in arterial pressure in chronically than acutely spinally-transected rats without exciting significantly more interneurons in those rats. These results suggest that spinal circuits undergo significant plastic changes in the chronic stage of spinal cord injury, and they provide a mechanism for the observation, in some human patients, that many stimuli, both noxious and non-noxious, applied caudal to the site of spinal injury increase sympathetic activity and arterial pressure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".