Treadmill training–induced adaptations in muscle phenotype in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Body weight-supported treadmill (BWST) training has been shown to improve ambulatory capacity in persons with a spinal cord injury (SCI); however, the effect that BWST training has on skeletal muscle phenotype is unknown. We aimed to determine whether 6 months (three sessions/week) of BWST training in neurologically stable persons with a traumatic spinal cord injury (ASIA C) alters skeletal muscle phenotype, ambulatory capacity, and blood lipid profile. Externally supported body weight decreased, and walking velocity and duration of the training sessions increased (all P < 0.05) as a result of training. Muscle biopsies revealed increases in the mean muscle-fiber area of type I and IIa fibers. Training induced a reduction in type IIax/IIx fibers, as well as a decrease in IIX myosin heavy chain, and an increase in type IIa fibers. Maximal citrate synthase and 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity also increased following training. BWST training brought about reductions in plasma total (-11%) and low-density lipoprotein (-13%) cholesterol. We conclude that, in patients with a spinal cord injury, BWST training is able to induce an increase in muscle fiber size and bring about increases in muscle oxidative capacity. In addition, BWST training can bring about improvements in ambulatory capacity and antiatherogenic changes in blood lipid profile.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".