The Influence of Baroreceptor Loading Status on Muscle Metaboreceptor Modulation of Heat Loss Responses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Muscle metaboreceptors have been shown to have a profound effect on the control of the local heat loss responses of sweating (LSR) and skin blood flow (SkBF). Under experimental conditions which employ the ischemic isometric hand-grip exercise (IHG) model, muscle metaboreceptors tend to reduce active vasodilation and attenuate sweating. However, it remains unclear if non-pharmacologically-induced changes in baroreceptor status may mitigate this response. PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of baroreceptor loading status on LSR and SkBF during postexercise ischemia. METHODS: Seven physically active males (19-24 years) completed two experimental trials under a normothermic (NS) and hyperthermic (whole-body warming, HS) state. Subjects performed 1-min of IHG exercise at 60% of their maximal voluntary contraction followed by 2-min of ischemia under simultaneous lower body positive pressure (LBPP, +40 mm Hg), negative pressure (LBNP, -20 mm Hg) and no pressure (CON). The sequence of these conditions was performed in random order with a 20-min recovery period between conditions to minimize muscular fatigue. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed during baseline rest or at the end of the IHG exercise. Under both NS and HS, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was increased above baseline resting during ischemia. However, the magnitude of increase in MAP was greater during LBPP for both NS (p<0.001) and HS (p<0.002), but lower during LBNP (p<0.028) under HS relative to CON. Despite differences in baroreceptor loading status under NS, no significant difference in LSR or SkBF were observed. In HS, no differences in SkBF were measured between CON and LBPP. However, SkBF response during ischemia was significantly reduced during LBNP as compared to CON (p=0.015) and LBPP (p=0.023). No differences in LSR were observed between CON and LBNP during ischemia. However, a marked reduction in LSR was measured in LBPP relative to CON (p=0.024) but not LBNP (p=0.092). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that baroreceptor loading status can mitigate muscle metaboreceptor-induced changes in local heat loss responses. However, this only appears to occur in a hyperthermic state. Funding support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (held by Dr. G. Kenny).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".