Genetic population structure across a range of geographic scales in the commercially exploited marine gastropod Buccinum undatum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marine invertebrates are exploited increasingly as food resources worldwide, but knowledge of genetic population structure is limited for most commercially valuable taxa. We investigated genetic structure in the widely distributed, subtidal gastropod Buccinum undatum by screening samples from 28 locations at 5 microsatellite loci. Multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis were applied to study macrogeographic structure, and revealed 4 well-supported groupings of populations: Canada, Iceland, Swedish Skaggerak, and a cluster containing most samples from the European continental shelf (hereafter 'Shelf'). A fifth cluster comprising all 5 samples from the Solent (UK) relied on exceptional differentiation of just 2 alleles, which is consistent with significant evidence for recent bottlenecks in this area. Within the Shelf cluster most pairwise tests of differentiation were significant, although the global F ST of 0.014 was very low for a direct-developing species. Our data suggest that use of highly polymorphic markers caused a relatively minor downward bias to F ST , although historical connectivity of populations that are not in migration-drift equilibrium might be more important. However, significant isolation by distance among British North Sea coast samples (F ST = 0.010) is consistent with approach to equilibrium and suggests recent gene flow, probably between semi-continuous populations. At a microgeographic scale, we found migration to be consistently higher from inshore to offshore within 3 separate areas; a factor that may underpin the lower diversity and greater differentiation observed for bay and inlet populations. Such populations might serve as important sources of genetic diversity, but are likely to be particularly vulnerable to exploitation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".