Iranian Mothers’ Perceptions of Their Lives with Children with Mental Retardation: A Preliminary Phenomenological Investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This phenomenological study explored Iranian mothers’ lived experiences of having a child with mental retardation (MR). Six mothers parenting a child with MR who attended a School for Exceptional Children were interviewed. Semi-structured interviews which encouraged the mothers to describe their experiences were audiotaped, transcribed and analyzed in accordance with Colaizzi’s (Existential phenomenological alternatives for psychology, New York, Oxford University Press, 1978) procedural steps. Six major themes were found in the data: Challenging the process of acceptance, painful emotional reactions, the inter-relatedness of the mother’s health and the child’s well being, struggles to deal with oneself or the child, inadequate support from the family and community, and anxiety related to the child’s uncertain future. Findings from this study contribute to a preliminary understanding of Iranian mothers’ experiences and needs. The results suggest introductory changes in nursing practice, staff education and program development to best serve mothers and their children with MR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".