Application of Propane (LPG) Based Hydraulic Fracturing In The McCully Gas Field, New Brunswick, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract New Brunswick Canada's first commercial unconventional gas field, the McCully field, is located near the town of Sussex in southern New Brunswick. The field is comprised of low permeability Hiram Brook sandstones as well as the underlying Frederick Brook shale. The McCully field started producing gas from the Hiram Brook in April 2003 from two wells and was followed by full production in June 2007. Currently there are twenty-nine wells producing from the Hiram Brook. The Frederick Brook shale was placed on production in March 2008 and is producing gas from one hydraulically fractured vertical well. Additional wells have been drilled, hydraulically fractured and flow tested to further evaluate the development potential of the shale. Prior to 2009, development of the McCully field has included the use of water based hydraulic fracturing to enhance production. In 2009 a fracture program based on using LPG as the fracture fluid was undertaken. Both the Hiram Brook sands and the Frederick Brook shale have been hydraulically fractured with LPG and the results have been compared to the performance of the water based fractures performed in the past. It has been found that both clean up and initial well performance for these tight sands were significantly enhanced using LPG fracs rather than water fracs. This paper compares the clean up performance and the initial flow performance for wells fractured using the two fracturing methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".