Alternating Copolymers of Dithienyl-s-Tetrazine and Cyclopentadithiophene for Organic Photovoltaic Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As a new emerging electron deficient building block, s-tetrazine (Tz) shows high electron affinity, which is even higher than the commonly used benzothiadiazole units. This property makes Tz a very promising electron withdrawing unit for low band gap conjugated polymers, especially for organic solar cell materials. We report the synthesis and property of five alternating copolymers of s-tetrazine and cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene (CPDT), which are bridged with a thiophene unit. Methyl, hexyl, and/or 2-ethylhexyl groups are introduced onto thiophene and CPDT units to tune the solubility, UV absorption, frontier molecular orbital energy levels, and interchain stacking property of the resulting polymers. These polymers are stable up to 220 °C and decompose to dinitrile compounds with the breaking of Tz linkage at a higher temperature. Efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells were fabricated by blending these polymers with (6,6)-phenyl-C 71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM), and they reached a power conversion efficiency up to 5.53% under simulated AM 1.5 G irradiation of 100 mW/cm 2 . The morphological structures of the active layers from different polymers or under different processing conditions were then analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and correlated with their device performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".