Standardization of the Arabic version of the Voice Handicap Index: An investigation of validity and reliability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the VHI (VHI-Arab) were investigated. Possible effects of participant-inherent factors (i.e. age, sex) on participant (77 females, 35 males) responses were also investigated. Results showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha r > 0.857 for all scores). Test-retest reliability was found to be strong (r > 0.87 for all scores). Validity results indicated significant moderate correlations between total VHI score and responses to severity (r = 0.521, P = 0.015) and satisfaction (r = 20.556, P = 0.009) questions. VHI-Arab was found to be unaffected by age (P > 0.10 for all scores) or sex (P > 0.05). This study produced a valid and reliable instrument for measuring participation restriction in Arabic-speaking individuals with voice disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".