Monitoring male reproductive success in a Japanese black pine clonal seed orchard with RAPD markers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Overall male reproductive success was investigated in a Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) clonal seed orchard consisting of 16 nematode-resistant clones, using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. We genotyped all 16 of the orchard clones at selected RAPD loci by analyzing diploid needles and 10 haploid megagametophytes from each of them. In addition, the male parent of open-pollinated seedlings was identified by comparing their phenotypes with the genotypes of the orchard clones. In this way the male parents of 559 seedlings of 648 seedlings of progenies from 14 parental (orchard) clones were determined. The level of external pollen contamination in the seed orchard was estimated to be 2.2% for the total population. The effective mean selfing rate observed was 1.5%. Male reproductive success among clones varied widely, from 0.8 to 24.4%, for the total population. Our data suggest that the significant deviation in male reproductive success of individual clones from panmictic ratios may be a problem for the genetic quality in seed orchard crops. To improve the parental balance of seed orchard crops, the use of artificial management techniques such as gibberellin A4/7 treatment, supplemental mass pollination, and rearrangement of clonal ramets is recommended in seed orchards.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".