Intensification of Geostrophic Currents in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Continuous sampling of upper-ocean hydrographic data in the Canada Basin from various sources spanning from 2003 through 2011 provides an unprecedented opportunity to observe changes occurring in a major feature of the Arctic Ocean. In a 112-km-radius circle situated near the center of the traditional Beaufort Gyre, geopotential height referenced to 400 dbar increased by about 0.3 gpm from 2003 to 2011, and by the end of the period had increased by about 65% from the climatological value. Near the edges of the domain considered, the anomalies in dynamic height are much smaller, indicating steeper gradients. A rough dynamic topography constructed from profiles collected between 2008 and 2011 shows the center of the gyre to have shifted south by about 2° in latitude, along the 150°W meridian. Geostrophic currents are much stronger on the periphery of the gyre, reaching amplitudes 5–6 times higher than climatological values at grid points just offshore from the Beaufort and Chukchi shelf slopes. Estimates of residual buoy drift velocity after removing the expected wind-driven component are consistent with surface geostrophic currents calculated from hydrographic data. A three-decade time series of integrated ocean surface stress curl during late summer near the center of the Beaufort Gyre shows a large increase in downward Ekman pumping on decadal scales, emphasizing the importance of atmospheric forcing in the recent accumulation of freshwater in the Canada Basin. Geostrophic current intensification appears to have played a significant role in the recent disappearance of old ice in the Canada Basin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".