Field Experiences in Application of a Novel Relative Permeability Modifier Gel in North Sea Operations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Proposal Over a dozen successive selective water shut off treatments (SWSO) have been performed on an individual North Sea field. The target wells were vertical, cased, perforated producers in a mature, high scale potential asset in the UKCS. Reservoir temperatures were in excess of 121°C and permeability ranged from 100 – 1000 mD. Mention is also given to several other treatments performed in this mature field on wells with water rates up to 16,500 bwpd. Treatments were generally bullheaded as part of a scale inhibitor squeeze intervention, being contained in the final portion of the over flush. Results were all positive and in one case reduced water production by up to 60%. Furthermore, oil production was stimulated by up to 250%. The non-hazardous, low concentration chemical treatments were developed for pumping from the surface to reduce water production without affecting hydrocarbon production. It is more generally applicable than previous SWSO systems as it can be applied from ambient temperatures up to 130°C and 20mD – 16 D. This paper details the treatment design and pre-qualification experiments to a variety of field applications of a novel relative permeability modifier gel. Details are given regarding the pumping schedule, treatment well test data, and lessons learnt from the operations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".