Peritoneal cytokine concentrations and survival outcome in an experimental bacterial infusion model of peritonitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To correlate the dynamics of peritoneal cytokines with systemic concentrations and survival outcome. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled study using a recently developed rat model of peritonitis. SETTING: Government research facility. SUBJECTS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS: Infected animals (INF) received an intraperitoneal infusion of 6.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units of Escherichia coli over 12 hrs, whereas control rats (CON) received a sterile inoculum. Peritoneal fluid and plasma samples were obtained from all rats at the end of the 12-hr infusion period as well as from all animals that survived the 7-day study (SURV). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Interleukin (IL)-1beta concentration in the peritoneal fluid at 12 hrs tended to be higher in nonsurvivors (NONSURV) than in SURV. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-6 peritoneal concentrations at 12 hrs were significantly greater in NONSURV than in SURV. There were no significant differences in IL-2 and IL-4 peritoneal concentrations at 12 hrs between SURV and NONSURV. Although the concentrations of IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the peritoneal fluid of INF decreased gradually during the study, these concentrations remained significantly higher than those of CON at 7 days. In contrast, peritoneal IL-2 concentrations remained lower in INF than in CON for most of the experiment. Peritoneal IL-6 concentrations in INF were transiently elevated above those of CON for 12 hrs. Cytokine concentrations in the peritoneal fluid of INF were always higher than those in plasma, which remained relatively unchanged throughout the study. For most of the variables as. sessed, CON showed no significant changes compared with INF. CONCLUSIONS: This model of peritonitis is associated with a significant and prolonged peritoneal inflammatory response that is adversely correlated with survival outcome. Our data would suggest that to be effective, novel immunotherapies should target mainly the peritoneal compartment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".