Elevated CXCL10 (IP-10) in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Is Associated With Acute Cellular Rejection After Human Lung Transplantation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: CXCL10 (IP-10) is a potent chemoattractant for T cells that has been postulated to play a role in infection and acute cellular rejection (ACR) in animal models. We measured CXCL10 (IP-10) (and other cytokines previously implicated in the pathogenesis of ACR) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of lung transplant recipients (LTRs) to determine the association between CXCL10 (IP-10) and ACR in LTRs. METHODS: In a prospective study of 85 LTRs, expression of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interferon-γ, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, CXCL10 [IP-10], and MCP-1 [CCL2]) in BAL samples (n=233) from patients with episodes of ACR (n=44), infection ("Infect"; n=25), concomitant "Infect+ACR" (n=10), and "No Infect and No ACR" (n=154) were analyzed. RESULTS: The levels of both CXCL10 (IP-10) and IL-16 were significantly increased in histologically proven ACR compared with the "No Infect and No ACR" group (CXCL10 [IP-10]: 107.0 vs. 31.9 pg/mL [P=0.001] and IL-16: 472.1 vs. 283.01 pg/mL [P=0.01]). However, in a linear mixed-effects model, significant association was found only between CXCL10 (IP-10) and ACR. A one-log increase of CXCL10 (IP-10) was associated with a 40% higher risk of ACR (odds ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.84). CONCLUSION: Higher values of CXCL10 (IP-10) in BAL fluid are associated with ACR in LTRs, suggesting a potential mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of ACR in LTRs. These results suggest that therapeutic strategies to inhibit CXCL10 (IP-10) and or its cognate receptor, CXCR3, warrant investigation to prevent and/or treat ACR in clinical lung transplantation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".