Are Chronic Hepatitis C Viral Infections More Benign in Patients With Hemophilia?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cirrhosis is associated with thromboses of the intrahepatic vasculature. This raises the possibility that HCV infections in hemophiliacs may differ from those in non-hemophiliacs METHODS: Liver biopsy findings from 12 hemophiliacs and 20 age- and gender-matched, non-hemophiliac controls with chronic hepatitis C viral (HCV) infections were compared for inflammatory activity and fibrosis. RESULTS: The mean ages of hemophiliacs and controls were 35.0 +/- 3.0 yr and 39.6 +/- 5.6 yr, respectively (P= 0.2). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were lower (44 +/- 13 vs 70 +/- 43 U/L) and the duration of the partial thromboplastin (PTT) time longer (49.2 +/- 16.9 vs 31.2 +/- 1.2 s.) in hemophiliacs than in controls (P < 0.02 and <0.001, respectively). Six of the seven hemophiliac patients (86%) and 8/17 controls (46%) were infected with genotypes 1a or 1b with the remainder being infected with 2b, 3a, or 3b. Histological activity and fibrosis scores were significantly lower in hemophiliacs than in controls (1.9 +/- 0.6 vs 3.6 +/- 2.7 and 0.3 +/- 0.2 vs 1.5 +/- 1.5, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). None of the hemophiliacs had histological evidence of advanced disease (bridging fibrosis and/or cirrhosis) as compared to 7/20 (30%) controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HCV infections in hemophiliacs may be less severe than in HCV infected patients without hemophilia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".