A Quadrature Charge-Domain Sampling Mixer With Embedded FIR, IIR, and N-Path Filters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the analysis and design of a quadrature charge-domain down-conversion sampling mixer with embedded finite-impulse-response (FIR), infinite-impulse-response (IIR), and 4-path bandpass filters. An in-depth investigation of the principles of periodic impulse sampling, periodic windowed sampling, and periodic N-path windowed sampling is presented and their characteristics are compared. A detailed mathematical treatment of charge-domain windowed samplers with built-in sinc, FIR and IIR filters is provided. A quadrature charge-domain sampler with embedded FIR, IIR, and 4-path band-pass filters is proposed and its performance including the effect of the non-idealities of devices is investigated. The proposed design is implemented in an IBM 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design is tunable over 50-250 MHz frequency range. For an 100 MHz input, the proposed design exhibits 70 dB aliasing rejection, 60 dB stop band attenuation while consuming current of 145 μA. The performance of the proposed design is further validated using the results of on-wafer measurement of the fabricated microchip.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".