Phyllosphere fungi on leaf litter of <i>Fagus crenata</i>: occurrence, colonization, and succession
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phyllosphere fungi occur on various litters, but the ecology of these fungi on leaf litter has received little attention. To investigate the occurrence, colonization, and succession of phyllosphere fungi on leaf litter of Fagus crenata Blume, fungi were isolated from living, senescent, freshly fallen, and decomposing leaves by surface sterilization and washing methods. A total of 18 and 47 fungal species were isolated from the interior and surface of living and senescent leaves, respectively, and 15 frequent species were regarded as phyllosphere fungi. These fungi were divided into three groups according to their frequency on freshly fallen and decomposing leaves. Nine species (Group I) occurred frequently on decomposing leaves, two species (Group II) on freshly fallen leaves only, and four species (Group III) were frequent on living or senescent leaves only. Colonization of sterilized, freshly fallen leaves by phyllosphere fungi was investigated to test their ability to infect litter directly after litter fall. Frequencies of four species were lower on sterilized leaves than on unsterilized leaves, whereas frequencies of other species did not differ between sterilized and unsterilized leaves. Successional trends of endophytes and epiphytes were observed during decomposition from freshly fallen to decomposing leaves. The sum of frequencies of endophytes decreased temporarily on freshly fallen leaves and increased on decomposing leaves. The sum of frequencies of epiphytes decreased from freshly fallen to decomposing leaves.Key words: beech, decomposition, endophyte, epiphyte, Xylariaceae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".