Genetic diversity and population structure of <i>Valdensinia heterodoxa</i> , a potential biocontrol agent for salal in coastal British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Valdensinia heterodoxa is an ascomycete fungus currently being considered as a potential biocontrol agent against salal (Gaultheria shallon). To assess its effectiveness and risks as a biocontrol agent, we investigated its population structure in three geographically separate populations on Vancouver Island and in coastal mainland, British Columbia. Valdensinia heterodoxa was cultured from infected salal leaves, and single-spore cultures were obtained prior to DNA isolation. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to generate individual DNA fingerprints for each V. heterodoxa isolate. We found low genetic diversity, with just 30 of the 214 loci being polymorphic. There were many shared haplotypes within each population, and analysis of pairwise kinship coefficients showed that as spatial distance increased, genetic similarity decreased. Analysis of molecular variance among populations revealed significant genetic differentiation, with an F ST of 0.182, suggesting limited gene flow. The findings suggest that with low diversity and high population differentiation, the effectiveness of V. heterodoxa as a biocontrol agent to manage salal in forested areas may be limited to localized salal populations or to use in combination with other control methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".