<i>Nicotiana occidentalis</i>: A New Herbaceous Host for <i>Blueberry scorch virus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Blueberry scorch virus(BlScV) is a carlavirus that causes a serious disease of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in North America (2). In aphid-transmission studies of BlScV using blueberry as host and test species, we found the rate of transmission to be low, and a lengthy incubation period was required before BlScV could be detected. For sequencing studies, RNA extraction from blueberry using standard methods was unreliable and inefficient. These problems prompted a search for alternate hosts. Of 12 herbaceous hosts screened for BlScV transmission using the blueberry aphid, Ericaphis fimbriata Richards, with mechanical transmission, only Nicotiana occidentalis (Wheeler) became infected. After 3 to 4 weeks, infection of N. occidentalis with BlScV resulted in mild symptoms that included pronounced leaf twisting and swollen leaf veins. Infection with BlScV was confirmed using a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) kit (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN), polyclonal antibodies to BlScV from the antiserum collection at the Pacific Agri-Food Research Center, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Forward (5'-NTAAACACTCCCGAATATAC-3') and reverse (5'-CAGATTGCTTATCCGGCTTC-3') primers were designed with the published sequence of BlScV isolate NJ-02 (GenBank Accession No. NC003499). An amplicon of the expected size was generated and sequenced. BLAST analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence of the amplified fragment was 87% identical to the corresponding sequence in NJ-02 (1). N. occidentalis was readily infected with BlScV following aphid or mechanical inoculations from blueberry. With E. fimbriata as the aphid vector, the transmission rate from blueberry to N. occidentalis was approximately 26%, compared with 70% for mechanical inoculations. Mechanical transfer of BlScV between infected N. occidentalisplants resulted in a 100% transmission rate. Recently, with N. occidentalis, we have completely sequenced two strains of BlScV from British Columbia, Canada and identified several aphid vector species. The identification of N. occidentalis as an herbaceous host of BlScV greatly facilitates future studies on the virus. References: (1) T. D. Cavileer et al. J. Gen. Virol. 75: 711, 1994. (2) R. R. Martin and P. R. Bristow. Phytopathology 78:1636, 1988.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".