Cellular and tissular distribution of copper in an intrasedimentary bivalve, the Baltic clam <i>Macoma balthica</i>, originating from a clean or a metal-rich site
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Baltic clams (Macoma balthica) from clean and industrialized areas were exposed to 30 ng Cu·mL1 or 40 ng Cu·mL1 for 13 days. Specimens from the industrialized site accumulated less Cu in their soft tissues, suggesting that those clams living in a metal-rich area are able to limit metal accumulation. Cu and metallothionein-like protein (MTLP) levels were positively correlated in specimens from the industrialized site only, indicating that perhaps living in a polluted area enables them to use this method of detoxification. The contaminated specimens contained Cu-rich microgranules in the basal lamina and intracellular spaces of digestive gland, labial palps, and gills as well as in lysosomes of the digestive gland and in a few hemocytes. The coexistence of S and Cu suggests that sulfur may be the chelating agent. As a consequence of detoxified storage, ultrastructural damage was rarely observed. These Cu deposits, which contributed to the predominance of biochemical insoluble forms shown in the whole soft tissues, are generally considered hardly available to predators, whereas soluble Cu (3538% of total Cu) would most probably be bioavailable.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".