Neuropsychiatric Correlates of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with Alzheimer's disease. Psychosis, agitation, apathy and depression were assessed using standardised measures in 32 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: The levels of the 42-amino-acid form of beta-amyloid (A beta(1-42)), tau and p-tau (phosphorylated at threonine 181) were quantified using the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. RESULTS: Our result shows that apathy is significantly correlated with tau and p-tau but not with A beta(1-42). There were no significant correlations between indices of psychosis/agitation,or depression and cerebrospinal fluid A beta(1-42), tau or p-tau concentrations. CONCLUSION: Our finding suggests that apathy is associated with the level of neurofibrillary tangles in people with mild Alzheimer's disease. In contrast, the overall levels of neurofibrillary tangles or amyloid plaques do not seem to be associated with depression or psychosis, indicating that other brain changes contribute to these symptoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".