A Cephalometric Analysis of Maxillary and Mandibular Parameters in Treacher Collins Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Treacher Collins syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition of varying severity, affecting the tissues of the first and second branchial arches. The aim of this article is to present a cephalometric analysis of the craniofacial skeleton in Treacher Collins syndrome and provide an age- and sex-matched comparison as a standard control sample. METHODS: Twenty-four Treacher Collins syndrome patients (11 male patients and 13 female patients; mean age, 17.99 +/- 1.96 years) underwent cephalometric studies, including orthopantomography and lateral and anteroposterior cephalography, as part of their preparation for bimaxillary surgery. Cephalometric parameters assessing the relationships of the skull base, maxilla, and mandible were analyzed and compared with age- and sex-matched control data (mean age, 17.75 +/- 1.95 years). RESULTS: Cephalometric analysis before orthognathic surgery documented that the Treacher Collins syndrome mandible and midface are expectedly short in the anteroposterior plane; however, the ratio of maxillomandibular deficiency is particularly significant in the female patient. The mandibular plane angle is obtuse, affecting female patients in particular, in whom there is also a posteriorly placed chin point. Affected individuals have a high antegonial notch height. Although the parameters of anterior lower facial height proportion in control and syndrome individuals are similar, posterior face height in Treacher Collins syndrome is reduced. CONCLUSIONS: This study quantifies the cephalometric dysmorphology of patients with Treacher Collins syndrome and compares it to that of age-matched controls. These cephalometric characteristics have clinical significance in Treacher Collins syndrome and in the planning of bimaxillary advancement and genioplasty in syndrome patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".