Temporal dynamics of large woody debris in small streams of the Alberta foothills, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Large woody debris (LWD) is a key link between riparian forests and streams; however, the temporal dynamics of in-stream wood remains poorly quantified. Using dendrochronology, we evaluated the dynamics of five Pinus -dominated and five Picea -dominated riparian forests in the foothills of Alberta and cross-dated the ring widths of 186 pieces of LWD. Time since death of LWD ranged from 2 to 143 years, with maximums of 86 and 143 years for Pinus and Picea, respectively. Recruitment of Pinus LWD was influenced by stand-replacing fires followed by self-thinning about 40 years after stand establishment. In uneven-aged Picea-dominated forests, tree mortality and LWD recruitment were due to fine-scale disturbances. Time since death increased significantly with decay and position classes, which resulted in changes in LWD function through time. LWD persisted in the bridge position for about 30 years. Bridged LWD was least decayed, was significantly longer, and had greater volume than LWD in other positions. LWD remained in partial bridge and loose positions about 15 years and >80 years when submerged in water and buried in sediment. Given the persistence of LWD, we conclude that management that alters wood abundance and recruitment has short- and long-term implications for the structure and function of small streams.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".